Potential in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Martynia annua extract mediated Phytosynthesis of MnO2 nanoparticles.

The present research work describes the phyto-synthesis of Manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2NPs) from the reduction of potassium permanganate using Martynia annua (M.annua) plant extract. From the literature review, we clearly understood the M.annua plant has anti-inflammatory activity. Manganese dioxides are important materials due to their wide range of applications. Their increased surface area gives them distinct capabilities, as it increases their mechanical, magnetic, optical, and catalytic qualities, allowing them to be used in more pharmaceutical applications. A detailed review of literature highlighting the issues related to this present work and its knowledge gap that none of the inflammatory activities had been done by MnO2 NPs synthesized from M.annua plant extract. So we selected this study. The product MnO2 NPs showed the wavelength centre at 370 nm and was monitored by UV-Vis spectra. The wave number around 600 cm-1 has to the occurrence of O-Mn-O bonds of pure MnO2 confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy images showed the morphology of MnO2 NPs as spherical-shaped particles with average sizes at 7.5 nm. The selected area electron diffraction analysis exhibits the crystalline nature of MnO2 NPs. The obtained MnO2 NPs showed potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity was compared to the plant extract. The synthesized MnO2 NPs have a large number of potential applications in the field of pharmaceutical industries. In the future, we isolate the phytocompounds present in the M.annua plant extract and conduct a study against corona virus. MnO2 produces manganese (III) oxide and oxygen, which increases fire hazard. But further research is required to understand their environmental behaviour and safety.

Synthesis, topology, molecular docking and dynamics studies of o-phenylenediamine derivative.

The N, N'-(1,2-phenylene) bis (1- (4- chlorophenyl) methanimine) (CS4) was synthesized and characterized by infrared (IR), absorption (UV-vis) and NMR (1H and 13C) spectral analyses. The structural parameters, vibrational frequencies, potential energy and the distribution analysis (PED) were calculated by using DFT with the basis set of B3LYP/cc-pVDZ and these spectral values were compared to the experimental values. HOMO and LUMO studied were performed in order to understand the stability and biological activity of the compound. The most reactive sites on the compound were investigated by utilizing MEP energy surface and Fukui function descriptor with the natural population analysis (NPA) of the charges. The study of the natural bond orbitals (NBO) reveals the delocalization of the intramolecular interaction of the charges in the compound. Additionally, topological investigations (ELF, LOL), determination of thermodynamic parameters and noncovalent interaction (NCI) study by using topology (RDG) analysis were also carried out. Finally, the molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations was carried out by examining against glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D inhibitor receptor for distinct protein targets (3MZG).Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis of a new class of spirooxindolopyrrolidine embedded chromanone hybrid heterocycles.

A new class of structurally intriguing heterocycles embedded with spiropyrrolidine, oxindole and chromanones was prepared by regio- and stereoselectively in quantitative yields using an intermolecular tandem cycloaddition protocol. The compounds synthesized were assayed for their anti-mycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv and isoniazid-resistant (katG and inhA promoter mutations) clinical Mtb isolates. Four compounds exhibited significant antimycobacterial activity against Mtb strains tested. In particular, a compound possessing a fluorine substituted derivative displayed potent activity at 0.39 µg mL-1 against H37Rv, while it showed 0.09 µg mL-1 and 0.19 µg mL-1 activity against inhA promoter and katG mutation isolates, respectively. A molecular docking study was conducted with the potent compound, which showed results that were consistent with the in vitro experiments.

Synthesis, solvent role, absorption and emission studies of cytosine derivative.

The (E)-4-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-nitrobenzylidene) amino) pyrimidin-2(1H)-one (C5NV) was synthesized from cytosine and 5-nitrovanilline by simple straightforward condensation reaction. The structural characteristics of the compound was determined and optimized by WB97XD/cc-pVDZ basis set. The vibrational frequencies were computed and subsequently compared to the experimental frequencies. We investiated the electronic properties of the synthesized compound in gas and solvent phases using the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approach, and compared them to experimental values. The fluorescence study showed three different wavelengths indicating the nature of the optical material properties. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analyses were conducted for the title compound, and electron localized functions (ELF) and localized orbital locators (LOL) were used to identify the orbital positions of localized and delocalized atoms. Non-covalent interactions (H-bond interactions) were investigated using reduced density gradients (RDGs). The objective of the study was to determine the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the C5NV. The molecular docking study was conducted between C5NV and 2XNF protein, its lowest binding energy score is -7.92 kcal/mol.

Highly Efficient DSSCs Sensitized Using NIR Responsive Bacteriopheophytine-a and Its Derivatives Extracted from Rhodobacter Sphaeroides Photobacteria.

Employing naturally extracted dyes and their derivatives as photosensitizers towards the construction of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been recently emerging for establishing sustainable energy conversion devices. In this present work, Rhodobacter Sphaeroides Photobacteria (Rh. Sphaeroides) was used as a natural source from which Bacteriopheophytine-a (Bhcl) dye was extracted. Further, two cationic derivatives of Bhcl, viz., Guanidino-bacteriopheophorbide-a (Gua-Bhcl) and (2-aminoethyl)triphenylphosphono-bacteriopheophorbide-a (2AETPPh-Bhcl) were synthesized. The thus obtained Bhcl, Gua-Bhcl and 2AETPPh-Bhcl were characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and their photophysical properties were investigated using excitation and emission studies. All three near-infrared (NIR) responsive dyes were employed as natural sensitizers towards the construction of DSSC devices, using platinum as a photocathode, dye-sensitized P25-TiO2 as a photoanode and I-/I3- as an electrolyte. DSSCs fabricated using all three dyes have shown reasonably good photovoltaic performance, among which 2AETPPh-Bhcl dye has shown a relatively higher power conversion efficiency (η) of 0.38% with a short circuit photocurrent density (JSC) of 1.03 mA cm-2. This could be attributed to the dye's natural optimal light absorption in the visible and NIR region and uniform dispersion through the electrostatic interaction of the cationic derivatives on the TiO2 photoanode. Furthermore, the atomic force microscopy studies and electrochemical investigations using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Bode's plot also supported the enhancement in performance attained with 2AETPPh-Bhcl dye.

Bioproduction, purification, partial characterization and phenol removal efficacy of tyrosinase enzyme from Streptomyces sp. strain MR28.

The study focused on the production of the tyrosinase enzyme from Streptomyces sp. MR28 and its potency in removal of phenol content from water using free and immobilized tyrosinase enzyme. The tyrosinase was produced by Streptomyces sp. MR28 in liquid tyrosine broth medium, and it was further purified to near its homogeneity by employing, precipitation, dialysis, and column chromatography. After the purification, 44.49% yield with a 4 fold purification was achieved. The characterization of the purified enzyme showed a single major peak on HPLC and a solitary band on SDS-PAGE. The purified tyrosinase enzyme was active at a pH of 7.0 and a temperature of 30 °C. Further immobilization of purified tyrosinase was performed using the sodium alginate entrapment method. The capacity of the purified tyrosinase to remove phenol in water was evaluated by spectrophotometric method. The free tyrosinase enzyme-treated solutions showed a gradual decrease in the concentration of phenol with increased incubation time at 30 °C and 40 °C, at 90 min of the incubation time, it showed maximum efficacy in removing phenol from the solution. At 50 °C and 60 °C, the free tyrosinase enzyme exhibited very less capacity to remove the phenol. The immobilized enzyme showed good capacity for the removal of phenol from the solutions; the concentration of phenol in the solution decreased with an increase in the incubation time. At temperatures of 40 °C and 50 °C, the immobilized tyrosinase enzyme beads showed significant removal of phenol from the solution, and at temperatures of 30 °C and 60 °C, they also exhibited good capacity for the removal of phenol. At the end of the 90 min incubation period, it exhibited good capability. The current study suggests using immobilized microbial tyrosinase enzyme can be used for the removal of phenol from the contaminated water in a greener manner.

Rationally construction of 2D & 3D material on h-BN @ SnO2/TiO2 micro-sphere enables for photocatalytic debasement of textile cloth dyes in waste water treatment.

Affordable and swiftly available h-BN@SnO2/TiO2 photocatalysts are being developed through an easy hydrothermally approach was used urea as boric acid precursors. With their constructed photo catalysts, the effect of h-BN@SnO2/TiO2 has been investigated under the assessment of Adsorption agents utilizing X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis (SEM/EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and Burner Emit Teller (BET) isotherm testing methods, which also indicated that SnO2/TiO2 and h-BN have been tightly bound together. Because turquoise blue (TB) and Methyl orange (MO) fabric dyes can be found in the industrial wastewater being processed, the photo catalytic degradation process happens to be applied. According to the advantageous linkages of h-BN@SnO2/TiO2 photocatalysts, fantastic efficacy in breakdown towards hazardous compounds has been found. For the decomposition of Turquoise blue (TB) and Methyl orange (MO), the h-BN@SnO2/TiO2 catalysts proved the best performance stability (0.0386 min-1 and 1.524min-1) but were significantly 22 times quicker. Optical catalysis has additionally demonstrated extraordinary resilience and durability throughout five reprocessed efforts. On top of that, an approach enabling photocatalytic breakdown of harmful substances upon h-BN@SnO2/TiO2 has been presented.

Banana peel extract for CeO2 nanoflower synthesis: Enhancing photocatalytic activity for methyl orange dye removal and bactericidal effects.

The cube architecture associated with the CeO2 nanoflowers (NFs) that generated, which had an average crystallization width of 7 nm, has been confirmed by X-ray crystallographic investigations. The method used is environmentally acceptable since it converts wasted banana peel extracts into CeO2 nanoflower. On the basis of artwork obtained from a High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM), CeO2 nanoparticles have been observed to possess a spherical shape and an average particle diameter of 21 nm. To take the purpose of this study, green-fabricated CeO2-NFs were used to investigate the photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange (MO) dye when exposed to sunshine. CeO2 nanofibers showed a degradation performance of 98% when compared to methyl orange dye. Evidently is a possibility that this may be caused by the presence of CeO2 nanoflowers, whereby enhance the interaction of electrons, which are holes dissolution, and adherence. Upon a single day of being exposed, the biocidal potential was tested against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, B. cereus, and S. aureus, among others. Due to the fact that its 32 mm minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for B. cereus was the highest among conventional medicines. As shown by the extraordinary capabilities of WBP@CeO2 tiny particles, manipulating of flexible tiny particles to feed the purpose of achieving effective and customizable infections and dermatologist advancements is really stunning.

Spontaneous nanoemulsification of cinnamon essential oil: Formulation, characterization, and antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against fish spoilage caused by Serratia rubidaea BFMO8.

The contemporary food industry's uses of nanoemulsions (NEs) include food processing, effective nutraceutical delivery, the development of functional chemicals, and the synthesis of natural preservatives, such as phytocompounds. Although cinnamon essential oil (CEO) is widely used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries, it is difficult to add to aqueous-based food formulations due to its weak stability and poor water solubility. This study describes the formulation of a CEO nanoemulsion (CEONE) by spontaneous emulsification and evaluates its antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against biofilm-forming Serratia rubidaea BFMO8 isolated from spoiled emperor fish (Lethrinus miniatus). Bacteria causing spoilage in emperor fish were isolated and identified as S. rubidaea using common morphological, cultural, and 16S RNA sequencing methods, and their ability to form biofilms and their susceptibility to CEONE were assessed using biofilm-specific methods. The spontaneous emulsification formulation of CEONE was accomplished using water and Tween 20 surfactant by manipulating organic and aqueous phase interface properties and controlling particle growth by capping surfactant increases. The best emulsification, with highly stable nano-size droplets, was accomplished at 750 rpm and a 1:3 ratio concentration. The stable CEONE droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential values were 204.8 nm, 0.115, and -6.05 mV, respectively. FTIR and high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HR-LCMS) analyses have revealed carboxyl, carbonyl, and phenol-like primary phytochemical functional groups in CEO and CEONE, which contribute to their antibacterial and antibiofilm properties.

Fabrication of chitosan/fibrin-armored multifunctional silver nanocomposites to improve antibacterial and wound healing activities.

A wound healing substitute promotes rapid tissue regeneration and protects wound sites from microbial contamination. The silver-based antiseptic frequently moist skin stains, burns and irritation, penetrates deep wounds and protects against pathogenic infections. Thus, we formulated a novel fibrin/chitosan encapsulated silver nanoparticle (CH:F:SPG-CH:SNP) composites bandage accelerating the polymicrobial wound healing. Electrospinning method was employed to form the nano-porous, inexpensive, and biocompatible smart bandages. The structural, functional, and mechanical properties were analyzed for the prepared composites. The biological capacity of prepared CH:F:SPG-CH:SNP bandage was assessed against NIH-3 T3 fibroblast and HaCaT cell lines. In vitro hemolytic assays using red blood cells were extensively studied and explored the low hemolytic effect (4.5 %). In addition, the improved drug delivery nature captured for the CH:F:SPG-CH:SNP composite bandage. Antibacterial experiments were achieved against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus using zone inhibition method. Moreover, in-vivo wound healing efficacy of fabricated smart bandage was evaluated on the albino Wistar rats which revealed the significant improvement on the postoperative abdomen wounds.

Green waste immobilized Ag/Cu feather like Bi-matrix on garment dye decomposes and their bio-efficacy.

This paper describes a simple phyto-remediation of feather-like silver/copper bi-matrix (BMs) was constructed by employing pommagrant waste peel (PWP) extract as crucial role of reducing agent and chelating agents. Numerous strategies, including UV-Visible, XRD, SEM-EDX, and TEM and BET isotherm were used to analysis the optical, structural, surface area and functional properties. Ag/Cu BPNMs of TEM characterization shows feather-like architectural features with constrained size and shape. The Ag/Cu co-catalytic nanoparticles have a particle size of 34-64 nm. The photocatalytic efficiency of Ag/Cu BMs was investigated using a garment dye, Congo red (CR), at successive time intervals under halogen lamp exposure. For Ag/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles, the photocatalytic degradation rate was recorded to be 100% after 40 min which is caused by adsorption of Congo red dye molecules on Ag/Cu and their degradation by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are free hydroxyl radicals such as •OH and O2• ions that have high oxidizing capacity. The developed Ag/Cu BMs shown effective bacteriostatic action against many infections.

Development of chitosan-based cerium and titanium oxide loaded polycaprolactone for cutaneous wound healing and antibacterial applications.

Cerium dioxide (CeO2) based nanomaterials have emerged as promising dermal equivalents, promoting fibroblast infiltration and tissues regeneration. To enhance the antibacterial and wound healing activity, herein chitosan (CS)-CeO2 combined nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) complex loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) nanohybrid (CS-CeO2/TiO2/PCL) scaffolds were prepared through casting method. The nanohybrid scaffolds' physiochemical, morphological, mechanical, and biological properties were evaluated using advanced analytical techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum evidently depicted the various intermolecular interactions on the nanohybrid scaffolds. The developed scaffold exhibited the high swelling behavior and good degradability and permeability which is beneficial for absorbing wound transudation to fasten the healing efficacy. Moreover, CS-CeO2/TiO2/PCL scaffolds owned the better antibacterial activity against bacterial strains E. coli and S. aureus. Also, MTT assay on fibroblast (NIH 3T3) cells and immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells indicated improved cell viability and proliferation. In vivo results revealed that the fabricated scaffold full aid to complete wound closure after 14 days which showed CS-CeO2/TiO2/PCL as the significant wound dressing material with potential antibacterial immunity.

Pyto-Architechture of Ag, Au and Ag-Au bi-metallic nanoparticles using waste orange peel extract for enable carcinogenic Congo red dye degradation.

Ecologically inspired to develop silver, gold and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles from discarded orange peel extract. The plant-derived compounds included in discarded orange peel extract have been accountable for the development of Ag, Au and Ag-Au bimetallic nanoparticles, that might be used in the biosynthetic process. The qualitative assessment of developed silver, gold and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles has been performed by UV-visible, XRD pattern, FT IR analysis, TEM/HRTEM, EDX and BET isotherm analysis. In this investigation, the photocatalytic effect of developed silver, gold and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles on Congo red dye breakdown efficiency was achieved at 96%, 94%, and 99.2%, respectively. Due to prolonged electron-hole recombination process was investigated using UV irradiation and reused for up to 5 consecutive runs without significant loss of photocatalytic activity. Moreover, silver, gold, and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles manufactured in an environmentally benign manner could potentially contribute to the ecological cleanup.

Naphthalene derived Schiff base as a reversible fluorogenic chemosensor for aluminium ions detection.

Schiff base (HNPD) was achieved by reacting 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with N-phenyl-o-phenylenediamine in enthanol medium. The spectroscopic analyses were done to establish the formation of Schiff base apparently. Further, synthesized Schiff base conjugate was successfully used as a fluorogenic chemosensor to detect aluminium ions (Al3+) with high fluorescence amplification among the other interfering various metal ions. The limit of detection of 0.0248 × 10-6 M and a binding constant of 6.19 × 103 M-1 were obtained by the receptor HNPD for Al3+ detection. A high influence of intramolecular charge transfer kinetics was established to realize the selective responsiveness towards Al3+ ions. Density functional theory approximation formulated the band energy modulation and localization and delocalization of electron density for the HNPD and Al3+ complexation. The developed sensor ultimately inspected on the real soil and water samples and ascertained the practical ability of Al3+ ions detection of HNPD chemosensor.

Acoustic Shock Wave-Induced Solid-State Fusion of Nanoparticles: A Case Study of the Conversion of One-Dimensional Rod Shape into Three-Dimensional Honeycomb Nanostructures of CdO for High-Performance Energy Storage Materials.

Herein, we describe the solid-state fusion of rod-shaped to honeycomb-shaped cadmium oxide particles (CdO NPs) caused by the process of repeated exposure to acoustic shock waves. Significant changes have been observed in structurally and morphologically dependent properties. For instance, at the 200-shocked condition, the high-pressure CdO-B2 phase is present as a secondary phase wherein all of the rod-shaped particles have been transformed into honeycomb-shaped CdO particles which possess comparatively higher specific-capacitance than CdO nanorods (NRs). The computed specific capacitance values for the 0, 100, and 200 shocked samples at a scan rate of 100 m V s-1 are computed to be 433, 415, and 583 F g-1, respectively. The second-stage decomposition temperature points of the CdO NPs have significantly increased in accordance with the morphological changes from rod to honeycomb patterns such that the values are 343, 526, and 534 °C, respectively, for 0, 100, and 200 shocked conditions. Note that such honeycomb nanostructured CdO particles by shock-wave processing have never been observed, to date. Due to the superior energy storage abilities as well as the spectacular high thermal stability of the honeycomb CdO nanostructures compared to CdO NRs, shocked CdO with honeycomb nanostructures can be considered as energy storage materials.

Organic Remobilization of zinc and phosphorus availability to plants by application of mineral solubilizing bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Incessant utilization of chemical fertilizers leads to the accumulation of minerals in the soil, rendering them unavailable to plants. Unaware of the mineral reserves present in the soil, farming communities employ chemical fertilizers once during each cultivation, a practice that causes elevated levels of insoluble minerals within the soil. The use of biofertilizers on the other hand, reduces the impact of chemical fertilizers through the action of microorganisms in the product, which dissolves minerals and makes them readily available for plant uptake, helping to create a sustainable environment for continuous agricultural production. In the current investigation, a field trial employing Arachis hypogaea L was conducted to evaluate the ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to enhance plant growth and development by solubilizing minerals present in the soil (such as zinc and phosphorus). A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) included five different treatments as T1: Un inoculated Control; T2: Seeds treated with a liquid formulation of P. aeruginosa; T3: Seeds treated with a liquid formulation of P. aeruginosa and the soil amended with organic manure (farmyard); T4: Soil amended with organic manure (farmyard) alone; T5: Seeds treated with lignite (solid) based formulation of P. aeruginosa were used for the study. Efficacy was determined based on the plant's morphological characters and mineral contents (Zn and P) of plants and soil. Survival of P. aeruginosa in the field was validated using Antibiotic Intrinsic patterns (AIP). The results indicated that the combination treatment of P. aeruginosa liquid formulation and organic fertilizer (farmyard) (T3) produced the highest biometric parameters and mineral (Zn and P) content of the groundnut plants and the soil. This outcome is likely attributed to the mineral solubilizing capability of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the presence of farmyard manure increased the metabolic activity of P. aeruginosa by inducing its heterotrophic activity, leading to higher mineral content in T3 soil compared to other soil treatments. The AIP data confirmed the presence of the applied liquid inoculant by exhibiting a similar intrinsic pattern between the in vitro isolate and the isolate obtained from the fields. In summary, the Zn and P solubilization ability of P. aeruginosa facilitates the conversion of soil-unavailable mineral form into a form accessible to plants. It further proposes the utilization of the liquid formulation of P. aeruginosa as a viable solution to mitigate the challenges linked to solid-based biofertilizers and the reliance on mineral-based chemical fertilizers.

In-vitro investigation on the biological activities of squalene derived from the soil fungus Talaromyces pinophilus.

The consistent increase in multidrug resistance among pathogens and increased cancer incidence are serious public health concerns and threaten humans by killing countless lives. In the present study, Talaromyces pinophilus CJ15 was characterized and evaluated for its antibacterial, candidicidal and cytotoxic activities. The selected isolate Talaromyces pinophilus CJ15 with 18S rRNA gene sequence of 1021 base pairs exhibited antifungal activity on plant pathogens via dual culture. The GC-MS profiling of crude extract illustrated the existence of many bioactive macromolecules which include squalene belonging to the terpenoids family. The biological macromolecules in the bioactive fraction of CJ15 exhibited increasing antibacterial activity with an increase in concentration such that the highest activity was recorded against Shigella flexneri with 15, 18, 20, and 24 mm inhibition zones at 25, 50, 75 and 100 µl concentrations, respectively. The squalene, having a molecular weight of 410.718 g/mol, displayed candidicidal activity with a right-side shifted log phase in the growth curve of all the treated Candida species, indicating delayed exponential growth. In cytotoxic activity, the extracted squalene exhibited an IC50 concentration of 26.22 µg/ml against JURKAT cells and induced apoptosis-induced cell death. This study's outcomes encourage the researchers to explore further the development of new and improved bioactive macromolecules that could help to prevent infections and human blood cancer.

Unveiling the Pharmacological Significance of Marine Streptomyces violaceusniger KS20: Isolation, Characterization, and Assessment of Its Biomedical Applications.

Marine actinomycetes represent a highly favorable source of bioactive compounds and have been the mainstay of much research in recent years. Recent reports have shown that marine Streptomyces sp. can produce compounds with diverse and potent biological activities. Therefore, the key objective of the study was to isolate and screen a potential actinomycete from marine ecosystems of Devbagh and Tilmati beaches, Karwar. Streptomyces sp. KS20 was characterized and the ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc-Ex) was screened for biomedical applications. Streptomyces sp. KS20 produced grayish-white aerial and pale-yellow substrate mycelia and revealed an ancestral relationship with Streptomyces violaceusniger. Optimum growth of the organism was recorded at 30 °C and pH 7.0. The metabolite profiling of EtOAc-Ex expressed the existence of several bioactive metabolites, whereas the functional groups were indicated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A considerable antioxidant activity was shown for EtOAc-Ex with IC50 of 92.56 µg/mL. In addition to this, Streptomyces sp. KS20 exhibited significant antimicrobial properties, particularly against Escherichia coli, where a zone of inhibition measuring 36 ± 0.83 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.12 µg/mL were observed. The EtOAc-Ex even revealed significant antimycobacterial potency with IC50 of 6.25 µg/mL. Finally, the antiproliferative potentiality of EtOAc-Ex against A549 and PC-3 cell lines revealed a constant decline in cell viability while raising the concentration of EtOAc-Ex from 12.5 to 200 µg/mL. The IC50 values were determined as 94.73 µg/mL and 121.12 µg/mL for A549 and PC-3 cell lines, respectively. Overall, the exploration of secondary metabolites from marine Streptomyces sp. KS20 represents an exciting area of further research with the potential to discover novel bioactive compounds that could be developed into therapeutics for various medical applications.

A critical review of machine-learning for "multi-omics" marine metabolite datasets.

During the last decade, genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and other omics datasets have been generated for a wide range of marine organisms, and even more are still on the way. Marine organisms possess unique and diverse biosynthetic pathways contributing to the synthesis of novel secondary metabolites with significant bioactivities. As marine organisms have a greater tendency to adapt to stressed environmental conditions, the chance to identify novel bioactive metabolites with potential biotechnological application is very high. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the available "-omics" and "multi-omics" approaches employed for characterizing marine metabolites along with novel data integration tools. The need for the development of machine-learning algorithms for "multi-omics" approaches is briefly discussed. In addition, the challenges involved in the analysis of "multi-omics" data and recommendations for conducting "multi-omics" study were discussed.

Exploring the Antimicrobial, Anticancer, and Apoptosis Inducing Ability of Biofabricated Silver Nanoparticles Using Lagerstroemia speciosa Flower Buds against the Human Osteosarcoma (MG-63) Cell Line via Flow Cytometry.

Biosynthesized nano-composites, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), can be engineered to function as smart nano-biomedicine platforms for the detection and management of diverse ailments, such as infectious diseases and cancer. This study determined the eco-friendly fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. flower buds and their efficacy against antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The UV-Visible spectrum was found at 413 nm showing a typical resonance spectrum for L. speciosa flower bud extract-assisted silver nanoparticles (Ls-AgNPs). Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed the presence of amines, halides, and halogen compounds, which were involved in the reduction and capping agent of AgNP formation. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the face-centered cubic crystals of NPs. Energy dispersive X-ray verified the weight of 39.80% of silver (Ag), TEM analysis revealed the particles were spherical with a 10.27 to 62.5 nm range, and dynamic light scattering recorded the average particle size around 58.5 nm. Zeta potential showed a significant value at -39.4 mV, and finally, thermo-gravimetric analysis reported higher thermal stability of Ls-AgNPs. Further, the obtained Ls-AgNPs displayed good antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogens. In addition, a dose-dependent decrease in the anticancer activity by MTT assay on the osteosarcoma (MG-63) cell line showed a decrease in the cell viability with increasing in the concentration of Ls-AgNPs with an IC50 value of 37.57 µg/mL. Subsequently, an apoptotic/necrosis study was conducted with the help of Annexin-V/PI assay, and the results indicated a significant rise in early and late apoptosis cell populations. Therefore, green synthesized Ls-AgNPs were found to have potent antimicrobial and anticancer properties making them fascinating choices for future bio-medical implementations.